Behavior and process of background signal formation of hydrogen,carbon, nitrogen,and oxygen in silicon wafers during depth profiling using dual-beam TOF-SIMS

The behavior and mechanism of background signals during depth profiling of atmospheric elements using dual-beam time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) have been experimentally investigated for silicon wafers. The background signals of atmospheric elements were found to be inversely proportional to the sputtering rate. Most of the background signals are largely attributable to the accumulation of components through adsorption and ion bombardment in the pre-equilibrium state. On the other hand, the contribution of real-time adsorption during the instant after the last sputtering in the equilibrium state is negligible under the present experimental conditions. H₂O is dominant in the background formation process of hydrogen and oxygen, which is supported by the higher adsorption coefficients. The background levels of carbon and nitrogen are lower than those of hydrogen and oxygen. Furthermore, the background signal of carbon with respect to the sputtering rate shows a different trend than the other elements. This could be attributed to accumulation in the pre-equilibrium state. These results indicate that the background levels can be lowered close to those of dynamic-SIMS by using an extremely high sputtering rate in dual-beam TOF-SIMS.     

Copper(II) perchlorate complexes with antipyrine: synthesis,structure, cytotoxicity and DFT calculations

The synthesis, structure and properties of copper(II) perchlorate complexes with antipyrine (AP), [Cu(AP)₄(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂ and [Cu(AP)₅](ClO₄)₂, are described and compared with those of alternative compounds containing different AP ligands.     

光纤基底TiNi形状记忆合金薄膜制备工艺

将TiNi基记忆合金薄膜与光纤相结合可制成智能化、集成化且成本经济的微机电系统和微传感器件.本文采用磁控溅射法在二氧化硅光纤基底上制备TiNi记忆合金薄膜,系统讨论了溅射工艺参数以及后续退火处理对薄膜质量的影响.采用自研制光纤镀膜掩膜装置在直径为125μm的光纤圆周表面上形成均匀薄膜.实验表明:在靶基距、背底真空度、Ar气流量和溅射时间一定的条件下,溅射功率存在最佳值;溅射压强较大时,薄膜沉积速率较低,但薄膜表面粗糙度较小.进行退火处理后,薄膜形成较良好的晶体结构,Ti_49.09Ni_50.91薄膜中马氏体B19′相和奥氏体B2相共存,但以B19′为主.根据本文研究结果,在玻璃光纤基底上制备高质量的TiNi基记忆合金薄膜是可实现的,本工作为下一步研制微机电系统和微型传感器做了基础准备.     

Fabrication of Pre-tilted Vertical Alignment Layers for High-Speed Liquid Crystal Display Using Bi-functional Photoreactive Monomers

Abstract

To enable recent 3D and moving picture applications, liquid crystal displays (LCD) must exhibit fast response and wide viewing angle characteristics. Pre-tilted vertical alignment layers for high-speed LCD were fabricated using bi-functional photoreactive monomers. The monomers can be confined to the polyimide layer and photo-polymerized by UV exposure under voltage. Response characteristics of photo-controlled alignment films according to the structure were investigated. Vertical alignment properties were evaluated using a polarizing optical microscope, and electro-optical characteristics were compared through the voltage-transmittance curve and response time measurement. Faster response speed could be obtained by using photoreactive monomers having a long alkyl chain.     

Global stability of rarefaction waves for a viscous radiative and reactive gas with temperature-dependent viscosity

We study the nonlinear stability of rarefaction waves to the Cauchy problem of a one-dimensional viscous radiative and reactive gas when the viscosity and heat conductivity coefficients depend on both density and absolute temperature. Our main idea is to use the smallness of the strength of the rarefaction waves to control the possible growth of its solutions induced by the nonlinearity of the system and the interactions of rarefaction waves from different families. The proof is based on some detailed analysis on uniform positive lower and upper bounds of the specific volume and the absolute temperature.     

Magnetite nanoparticles−based hydroxyl radical scavenging activity assay of antioxidants using N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine probe

Excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), unless counterbalanced by antioxidants, can cause cellular damage under oxidative stress conditions; therefore, antioxidative defenses against ROS must be measured. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have found numerous applications in science, health, and industries. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe ₃ O ₄ :MNPs) have attracted attention because of their peroxidase-like activity. In this study, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated by MNPs-catalyzed degradation of H ₂ O ₂ converted the N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) probe into its colored DMPD•+ radical cation, which gave an absorbance maximum at λ = 553 nm. In the presence of antioxidants, •OH was partly scavenged by antioxidants and produced less DMPD• ⁺ , causing a decrease in the 553 nm-absorbance. Antioxidant concentrations were calculated with the aid of absorbance differences between the reference and sample solutions. The linear working ranges and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity coefficients of different classes of antioxidants were determined by applying the developed method. In addition, binary and ternary mixtures of antioxidants were tested to observe the additivity of absorbances of mixture constituents. The method was applied to real samples such as orange juice and green tea. Student t-test, F tests, and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical comparisons.     

Synthesis of Elusive Chloropnictenium Ions

This work describes the synthesis and full characterization of elusive chloropnictenium ion salts of the type [^RAr*N(SiMe)ECl][A] (^RAr*=2,6‐(CHPh₂)‐4‐R‐C₆H₂, R=Me, tBu; E=Sb, Bi; A^?=GaCl₄, Al(OCH(CF₃)₂)₄). In these species the cation is significantly stabilized by weak arene interactions to flanking phenyl groups of the ^RAr* moiety. In this context the bonding situation has been studied by computational means and the reactivity towards the Lewis base 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) was investigated.     

Metabolite assignment of ultrafiltered synovial fluid extracted from knee joints of reactive arthritis patients using high resolution NMR spectroscopy

Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers available that can aid early differential diagnosis of reactive arthritis (ReA) from other inflammatory joint diseases. Metabolic profiling of synovial fluid (SF)—obtained from joints affected in ReA—holds great promise in this regard and will further aid monitoring treatment and improving our understanding about disease mechanism. As a first step in this direction, we report here the metabolite specific assignment of ¹H and ¹³C resonances detected in the NMR spectra of SF samples extracted from human patients with established ReA. The metabolite characterization has been carried out on both normal and ultrafiltered (deproteinized) SF samples of eight ReA patients (n = 8) using high-resolution (800 MHz) ¹H and ¹H─¹³C NMR spectroscopy methods such as one-dimensional ¹H CPMG and two-dimensional J-resolved¹H NMR and homonuclear ¹H─¹H TOCSY and heteronuclear¹H─¹³C HSQC correlation spectra. Compared with normal SF samples, several distinctive ¹H NMR signals were identified and assigned to metabolites in the ¹H NMR spectra of ultrafiltered SF samples. Overall, we assigned 53 metabolites in normal filtered SF and 64 metabolites in filtered pooled SF sample compared with nonfiltered SF samples for which only 48 metabolites (including lipid/membrane metabolites as well) have been identified. The established NMR characterization of SF metabolites will serve to guide future metabolomics studies aiming to identify/evaluate the SF-based metabolic biomarkers of diagnostic/prognostic potential or seeking biochemical insights into disease mechanisms in a clinical perspective.